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<p>曾经在"HIS的发展需要"这个主题中,请教"红旗飘飘"关于平台的几个问题,后来自己找了一篇文章,觉得对回答其中"平台应该具备什么样的基本功能特征"这个问题有点帮助,现特别贴到这里,希望能够引起大家的讨论:</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">集成平台的基本功能？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一个完整的集成平台应提供</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">项能力，它们是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">连接</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">抽象</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">协调</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">存储</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">协奏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">开发</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">管理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">下面逐一介绍：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">什么是连接？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">连接提供了在集成平台和被集成应用间的交互通道。大多数集成平台使用适配器实现连接。适配器是预先写好的代码块，以目标资源本身的协议与其通信，并将其连接到集成平台或小型总线。使用适配器能极大加速集成速度并显著节省为每个连接写代码的成本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当选择集成平台，应查看其包含的适配器数量和类型。这个平台可以连接你的现有应用吗？有建立你需要的客户定制适配器的机制吗？创建和使用适配器容易吗？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">什么是抽象？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">抽象是以某种一致的形式展现现有应用数据和功能的过程。它削减了对被集成中各个应用所使用的不同协议、数据和编程模型的理解和操作的需求。一些通用的抽象方式是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">J2EE.<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这种方式能很好地抽象应用和业务逻辑，但不能很好地抽象数据。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">XML</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Web</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">服务。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这种方式可以很好地解决已支持</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Web</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">服务的松耦合应用。遗留应用和客户特定应用需要用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Web</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">服务</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">包装器</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">来翻新。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">规范形式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">简单的说，规范形式是数据和功能的标准化表达。进行规范形式化意为把每个数据和应用转换为标准的格式或表达。在种方式可以非常灵活和强大，规范形式可以同时导出或映射为大量基于标准的对象和数据格式，如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Java</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> .NET</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> Web</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">服务、关系型、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> C++</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">等等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当选择一个集成平台，应考虑其抽象的灵活性。是否能同样简单地展现数据和功能？是否能不需改写地展现遗留应用？你的组织内是否同时有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">J2EE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.NET</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">核心的应用？如果你基于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Java</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的组织得到一家所有应用都基于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.NET</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的公司会怎样？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">什么是协调？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在集成系统中，信息以消息的形式在异构应用间传递。协调是在集成系统中管理消息流的能力。大多数集成平台含有消息中介，负责消息的可靠传递、数据转换和智能路由。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当选择集成平台时，消息引擎的性能和可靠性是首要的因素，因为它将直接影响集成系统的伸缩性和健壮性。但也应该考虑消息引擎的功能：是否支持同步、异步和出版</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">订阅路由？是否支持基于内容的路由？可用何种数据转换工具及是否容易使用？是否集成有消息仓库以持久化保存所有消息？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">什么是存储？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">集成会产生各种数据</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">元数据、消息、长运行流程的状态信息、联邦数据库索引等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，而且每个集成平台都需要存储、取得和分析数据的机制。不幸的是，许多集成平台只包含基本的存储能力。这种情况下，为了得到健壮性和可伸缩存储，你必须购买并集成一个外部数据库，因此增加了集成项目的成本和复杂性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当选择集成平台，应选择一个含有内建共享元数据仓库的产品，以保存被集成平台产生和使用的所有集成点的元数据。也要选择内建消息仓库和产品，还要注意其分析消息数据的能力能否满足报表和行为监控的需求。平台的存储机制对复合应用的面向服务开发支持如何？是否支持分布式环境？当大负载时，是否会限制集成平台的总体性能和伸缩性？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">什么是协奏？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">协奏（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Orchestration</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）是业务流程建模和自动化的别名。它是告诉消息引擎做什么和何时做的代码。然而，协奏常指业务流程建模，业务分析员定义和建模图形化流程，而不需考虑底层自动化流程的代码复杂性。协奏引擎能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">读</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这些流程模型并执行。大多数集成平台内建有流程建模的图形化工具。一些集成平台支持由流程图产生的基于标准的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">XML</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">形式的代码，从而能与第三方建模工具交互。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">选择集成平台时，应考虑协奏的灵活性。是否提供了强大的图形化的建模工具？是否支持第三方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">BPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">工具？是否集成平台支持直接编写的流程代码，使用何种脚本？是否能简单的协奏复杂业务流程？是否支持人工流程干预？是否有基于规则的引擎，能提供给分析员快速简单的方法定义修改流程的规则？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为什么在集成项目中开发很重要？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在集成概念中，开发常指建立复合应用和门户，复合应用利用我们到目前为止介绍的所有集成平台功能，为之前讨论的抽象服务和业务流程增加新的业务逻辑和用户风格的前端。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当选择集成平台，要选择其拥有你在任何快速开发环境里期望的同样功能。这个环境是否易于使用？开发环境是否支持业务流程建模？是否可以使用同一个开发环境开发集成方案中的所有组件（如适配器、消息图、转换、业务行为监控方案等）？是否支持你已使用的技术？是否能和你喜欢的第三方开发工具一同工作？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">还有管理？</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由于其松耦合特点，集成系统非常难于管理。因此，你的集成平台能提供优秀的端对端管理能力很重要，不论在集成系统的开发阶段还是运行阶段。理想情况下，你的集成平台将每个系统中传递的单独消息的记录保存到消息仓库。对消息仓库的分析能快速诊断和定位问题。其它重要的管理特性包括：配置管理、队列和流程监控、详细的事件记录和使用直方图。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当选择集成平台，要考虑管理工具的功能完整性和易用性。这个平台是否能保存足够的诊断数据？可否实时分析？管理工具是否可扩展？平台是否支持基于标准</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">SNMP)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的第三方管理工具？可否跟踪所有业务流程中的消息流？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p><p></p> |
发表于 2006-9-15 13:39:06