Personal Health Record (PHR)

danelchen

Personal Health Record (PHR)
The e-Health movement of 1999-2001 brought patient empowerment. Through the Internet, patients can look up health information on as many as 40,000 web sites worldwide. One principle of the information society is the recognition that any person should have an interest in his health, rather than leaving matters of health to the medical profession. This means that a responsible individual should
• Have a copy of all of health information ever created about her by all her providers
• Understand – at least in general terms – the content of her health history
• Use any resource to learn more about health matters that may affect her
• Be a partner to the caregiver giver (rather than having an child/parent relationship with the caregiver)
This should not only be for an adult\'s own health, but for her his children or his elderly relatives for whom he is responsible.

danelchen

The Five Types of Personal Health Records
There are different flavors and types of personal health records.
1. Off-line Personal Health Records
The idea of a personal health record is not new. For decades, public health services in many countries have been giving parents of newborn infants a booklet to record early health data. Millions of parents routinely start a paper-based patient record for their children. Of course, the vast majority of individuals do not keep the information up to date.
Also, as adults, some people are interested in their own health records and ask their providers for copies, which they keep in file folders. And since 1995, commercial software has been available for individuals who want to record their health information on their personal computer.
Of course, these off-line\' Health Booklets, which are issued in large numbers, although many are not kept up-to-date or are not continued after the child grows out of infancy.
2. Web-based Commercial/Organizational Personal Health Records
The Internet makes it possible to store one\'s health information on a (more or less) secure web page. This means that accessibility is almost unlimited geographically. Wherever there is telephone access through a wired or wireless telephone connection, a person can access the information or authorize a practitioner or pharmacist to access certain information from the website of choice. There are four types of providers of this service:
• Commercial organizations that derive revenue from sponsors or from data mining
• Commercial organizations that charge the person a fee for maintaining the information
• Professional organizations that provide this service to their members or other affiliates (for a fee or as a service bundled with other charges and benefits)
• Local, regional, or national health organizations that provide this service to specified population groups.
Because this is an immature industry, there is much fluctuation within it. A number of companies have gone under, and new ones continue to start. Of interest is the regional trend. From 1997 to 1999, most of the companies were based in the United States. In 2001, most providers of this service report that the growth is larger outside of the US, particularly in Europe and Asia.
3. Functional/Purpose-based Personal Health Records
These are web-based personal health record systems that are offered in connection with a related service. The service may be an interpretation of a health record and/or the legal advice regarding a person\'s care situation. The most common function is that of providing emergency or health services to business people outside the geographic boundaries of their primary healthcare provider. A typical service may maintain the health record for the purpose of being able to arrange health care in any country in the world, or in order to arrange emergency health care (including helicopter transportation to the nearest provider facility) for a client.
4. Provider-based Personal Health Records
Increasingly, providers, i.e., hospitals, clinics, and health plans make some of a patient\'s health information available on irthe website. This service is usually part of the care provided, and there is no charge. Such information typically includes
Appointment information
In most cases, appointments are posted on the website for patients to look up. Some providers offer an automated system by which patients can make appointments. However, in many cases this requires blocks of time reserved for emergency cases and other practitioner needs.
Medication information
Patients can see a listing of their medication(s) with potential links to web information regarding how to use it. They can check on potential side effects and related information.
Allergies
It is very helpful to patients to have a listing of their allergies, which can be shared with practitioners. In a number of cases, when patients see the list of allergies derived from their medical record, corrections can be made, or, allergies can be added that were not obvious beforehand.
Beyond this basic information, providers experiment with posting additional parts of the medical record on a patient-specific and patient-secure website that ultimately can contain most of the medical record information.
5. Partial Personal Health Records
Some 40,000 web sites have detailed health information for consumers. Most of the sites get their revenue from data mining and advertising. In many cases, an individual has provided not only identification but also detailed health information in order to access the information or to benefit from the website. For instance, a diabetes patient may have to provide detailed health information in order to participate in a website. This way, patients create a mostly disease-specific partial health record that is usually available to them at the website but may also be used by the website provider for other purposes, such as marketing.
Each of these personal health records is very different from the “official” provider-based health record. Except for the records described in (4) above, it is not created by the caregiver or healthcare provider but by the patient herself, or by another organization that is often not related to the care process. The practitioner community has not always welcomed personal health records. Some of the more traditional practitioners have indicated some resentment and distrust of these personal health records.

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机器翻译的，大家凑合着看
个人健康记录(PHR) e 健康运动1999-2001 带来了患者empowerment 。 通过互联网, 患者能查找健康信息关于多达40,000 个网站全世界。 信息社会的一项原则是认识, 任何人应该有兴趣在他的健康上, 而不是留下健康问题给医疗业。 这意味着, 负责任的个体应该  。有所有的拷贝的健康信息曾经被创造关于她由所有她的提供者 ? 了解- 至少概括地说- 她的健康内容他的ry ? 用途任何资源学会更多关于可以affe 的健康事ct 她 ? 是伙伴对照料者送礼者(而不是child/parent 与加州有合作关系regiver) 这应该不仅是为成人的自己的健康, 但为他是的她他的孩子或他的年长亲戚 负责任。
五类型个人健康记录那里是不同的味道和类型个人健康记录。
1 。离线个人健康记录 一个个人健康记录的想法不是新的。 数十年, 公共卫生服务在许多国家给新出生婴儿的父母一本小册子记录早期健康数据。 成千上万父母定期地开始一个paper-based 患者纪录为他们的孩子。 当然, 大多数个体不保持信息最新。 并且, 作为成人, 某些人民是对他们自己的健康记录感兴趣和要求他们的提供者拷贝, 他们保留在文件文件夹。 并且自1995 年以来, 商业软件是可利用的为想要记录他们的健康信息关于他们的个人计算机的个体。 当然, 这些离线\' 健康小册子, 被发布在大数字, 虽然许多不被保持最新或不继续在孩子增长出于初期之后。
2 个。基于互联网的Commercial/Organizational 个人健康记录 互联网使成为可能存储某人的健康信息在a (或多或少) 安全网页。 这意味着, 可及性地理上是几乎无限的。 无论哪里有电话通入通过架线的或无线电话接线, 人能访问信息或批准实习者或药剂师访问某一信息从选择网站。 有四类型这项服务提供者: 从数据采集获得收支从主办者或的!!SYSTRAN sentence_id 21> 。商业组织 ? 充电人费为维护信息的商业组织 ? 提供这项服务对他们的成员或其它会员的专业组织(为费或作为服务包了以其它充电和好处s) ? 提供这项服务对指定的人口的地方, 地方, 或全国健康组织 gro上升。 由于这是发育未全的产业, 那里是波动机智hin 它。一定数量的公司失败了, 并且新的继续 开始。利益地方 趋向。从1997 年到1999 年, 大多公司根据了在被团结 2001 年状态。, 这项服务多数提供者报道, 成长是美国的更大的外部, 特别在欧洲and 亚洲。  
3 。Functional/Purpose 根据了个人健康记录 这些是被提供于一项相关服务相联的基于互联网的个人健康记录系统。 服务也许是一个健康记录并且/或者法律建议的解释关于人的关心情况。 最共同的作用是那提供紧急状态或为事务的卫生业务居于在他们的主要医疗保健提供者之外地理界限。 一项典型的服务也许维护健康记录为能安排医疗保健在任一个国家在世界上, 或为了安排紧急医疗保健(的目的包括直升机运输对最近的提供者设施) 为客户。
4 。提供者根据了个人健康记录 越来越, 提供者, 即, 医院、诊所, 和健康计划做一些患者的健康有用的资料在irthe 网站。 这项服务通常作为关心的部分被提供, 并且没有充电。 这样的信息典型地包括 任命信息 在许多情况下, 任命被张贴在网站使患者查找。 一些提供者提供患者能定约会的一个自动化的系统。 但是, 这在许多情况下要求时间块为急诊病例和其它实习者需要被预留。 疗程信息 患者能看他们的medication(s) 目录以潜在的链接对网信息关于怎样使用它。 他们能检查潜在的副作用和相关信息。 过敏 它对患者是非常有用有他们的过敏目录, 可能与实习者被分享。 在一定数量的案件, 当患者看过敏名单从他们的病历被获得, 更正可能被做, 或, 予先没有是显然的过敏可能增加。在这基本的信息之外, 提供者试验与病历的0N 投稿另外的零件在可能最后包含大多数病历信息的一个患者具体和患者安全网站。
5 个。部份个人健康记录 大约40,000 个网站选派了健康信息为消费者。 大多站点得到他们的收支从数据采集和做广告。 在许多情况下, 个体提供不仅证明而且被选派的健康信息为了访问信息或对从网站的好处。 例如, 糖尿病患者也许必须提供详细的健康信息为了参加网站。 这样, 患者创造对他们通常是可利用的在网站的一个主要疾病具体部份健康记录但也许由网站提供者并且使用为其它目的, 譬如行销。 每个这些个人健康记录是非常与"官员" 基于提供者的健康reco 不同rd 。除了纪录被描述在(4) 上面, 它由经常不与关心proce 有关的其它组织不创造由照料者或医疗保健提供者而是由患者, 或ss 。实习者社区总未欢迎个人健康records 。一些更加传统的实习者表明了一些怨气和distrust 这些个人健康records 。